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What is the history of European union-united kingdom?

In 1951: “inner six” European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany) are signed the “Treaty of Paris” to form the European steel and coal community (ECSC)

In 1957: 25^th March “The Treaty of Rome” was signed by the “inner six” countries and the treaty brought about to creation of European economic community(EEC) and European Atomic community that best known as European  communities(EC). In 1963, UK applied to join in EEC.

In 1967: United Kingdom again applied to join in European Economic Community, but French president, Charles de Gaulle vetoed Britain’s application second time . he said to the other partners in the community that if they impose British membership on France it would result in the break-up of the community.

In 1972: After de Gaulle relinquished the French presidency. Britain successfully joined in the European Economic Community. Conservative party prime minister Edward heath signed the “treaty of accession”. On 1^st January 1973, Britain becomes member in European Economic Community with the Denmark and Ireland.

In 1974: UK general election, Labour party came up with commitment to renegotiate Britain’s terms of membership of EC. And with the new terms weather the Britain continued or leave EC are asked by the people, to hold referendum. Labour party won the election and first nation referendum On 5 June 1975 was favour to stay with EC with the 67.2% of electorate.

In 1983: This time in 1983 general election, labour party campaigned a commitment to withdraw from the EC without referendum. After labour party heavy defeat in election they changed its policy.

 

In 1985: In 1985 the government ratified the Single European Act, without a referendum. This is the  first revision to the Treaty of Rome. 

In 1990:  United Kingdom joined the European exchange rate mechanism (ERM), under pressure from the senior ministers. Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister the following month.

In 1992: Italy and United Kingdom were forced to withdraw from the ERM, because the pound sterling and lira came under pressure, September 16, 1992 also known as "Black Wednesday".

In 1993: The MAASTRICHT Treaty, formally the Treaty on European Union (EU). After this treaty economical union also becomes political union. The member countries of this union have common foreign and security policy and also cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs.

In 1997: Referendum party(RP) was formed by Sir James Goldsmith in 1994. In 1997 UK general election the referendum party manifested  on a platform of providing a referendum on the nature of the United Kingdom's relationship with the EU. The party was failed in this election. After goldsmith’s death the party was disbanded. In 1993, UK independence party (UKIP) and Euro sceptic political party are also formed.

In 2014: Since 1993 the UK independence party developed in the masses, in 2014 UKIP won two by-elections by defeating the conservative party. This is the first time in the UK history a political party other than the Labour and conservative party won the election.

In 2012, the Prime Minister David Cameron rejected the call for UK’s membership in EU. The rise of UK independence party, under pressure of party MP’s he was agree for the referendum before the end of 2017.

 In a speech to the House of Commons on 22 February 2016, Cameron announced a referendum date of 23 June 2016.  He spoke of an intention to trigger the Article 50 process immediately following a leave vote, and of the "two-year time period to negotiate the arrangements for exit."

MAX BORN was born in December 11^th 1882 in Breslau, German empire (now Poland, Wroclaw).to a family of Jewish descent, father Gustav born. Who was a professor of embryology at the University of Breslau, Max’s mother Margarethe, She died when born was four years old.max was married HEDWING MARTHA EHRENBERG and they had two daughters and one son 

Max born initial education was at the koning-whilhelm-gymnasium in breslam. He entered in the university education in 1901. In 1904, he came to university of Gottingen where he did his Ph.D. his thesis were “stability of elastic in a plane and space” for that he got awarded university’s philosophy faculty prize.

He is field of work was THEORITICAL PHYSICS. He worked as a professor for university of Frankfurt am Main, university of Gottingen and university of Edinburgh

He first lived in Germany after   the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to the United Kingdom.

In 1954, he won the Nobel Prize in physics for the research in quantum mechanics especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.

Max also awarded Hughes medal, max Planck medal and fellow of the royal society.

He retired to bad pyrmont in West Germany, and he died in hospital, Gottingen on 5^th January 1970

Full name is Robert heinrich Hermann Koch. Koch is a German physician and microbiologist and founder of modern bacteriology. Koch was born in clausthal, Hanover, Germany, on 11 December 1843, parents are Harman Koch, Mathilde Julle Henrietta biewand

He is a good student in his academics and self learner and he completed his schooling at the age of 19, excelled in science and maths. He entered the University of Gottingen and there he is a natural science student, later he changed to medical sciences. In 1866 January, Koch graduated from medical school with highest distinction

In July 1867, Koch married Emma adolfine Josephine fraatz; they had a daughter, Gertrude. Their marriage ended in 1893, later he married actress Hedwig Freiberg

He was worked as a surgeon in Franco- purssian war and physician in wollstein in Prussian Posen, now it is a Poland .in 1880-85, he worked as an adviser in the imperial department of health .Koch did research to grow bacteria in artificial lab conditions and isolating it

In 1885-1890, served as the administrator and professor at Berlin university   and in 1891 ,he become director of the Prussian institute ,working in the field of infection diseases .Koch find the remedy for tuberculosis but the credit goes to government he lost his patent protection

Koch main work goes in the field of bacteria culture and isolating it in lab using nutrient solution (gelatin), he also used culture media as potato slices, discover of the causative agent of anthrax

Koch came to India in 1884 for the research of cholera .he find the phenomena of   acquired immunity in the human body .he was elected for the member of royal society

In 1906, Koch won the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his work in with tuberculosis. He won Prussian order pour leme rite and in 1908, the Robert Koch medal, established to Honor the greatest living physicians.

On 27 may 1910, Koch died with heart attack at Baden-Baden at the age of 66